The Handbook of Homicide

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Introduction: Homicide in Global Perspective
Part I Homicide in Context
	Chapter 1 Murderous Thoughts: The Macro, Micro, and Momentary in Theorizing the Causes and Consequences of Criminal Homicide
		Introduction
		Thinking about Theory
		Macrostructural Accounts of Murder
		Microsocial Interactions and Emotions
		Toward a “Momentary” Sociology of Criminal Homicide
		Consequential Moments
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal Variation in Cross-National Homicide Victimization Rates
		Introduction
		Sources of Homicide Data
		Regional and National Homicide Patterns and Trends
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3 Some Trends in Homicide and Its Age-Crime Curves
		Trends Over the Past 40 Years
		The Age-Crime Curve for Homicide
		The Age-Crime Curve for Robbery
		Discussion
		References
	Chapter 4 Social and Legal Responses to Homicide
		Popular and Legal Sanctions
		Pure Sociology
		Third Parties
		Social Time
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part II Understanding Different Forms of Homicide
	Chapter 5 Gang Homicide in the United States: What We Know and Future Research Directions
		Defining Gangs and their Etiology
		Gang Homicides
		Best Practices in Prevention
		Conclusion and Direction for Future Research
		Note
		References
	Chapter 6 Drug-Related Homicide
		Introduction
		Drugs and Lethal Violence
		Alcohol and Drug Use and Homicide Offending and Victimization
		Exploring Drug-Related Homicide within the Tripartite Framework
		Conclusion
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 7 Sexual Homicide: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence (2008 to 2015)
		Introduction
		The Sociodemographic Characteristics of SHOs
		The Offending Patterns and Process of SHOs
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	Chapter 8 When Women are Murdered
		Knowledge about Homicide: National Datasets, Case Reviews, Academic Research, and the Popular Media
		Disaggregating Homicide by Gender of Victims
		The Murder of Women—Three Types
		Intimate Partner Murder
		Sexual Murder
		Murder of Older Women
		Life Course of Men Who Murder Women and Men Who Murder Men—Four Types of Murder Compared
		Conclusions
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 9 Women Murdered in the Name of “Honor”
		Introduction
		The Face of “Honor”-Based Violence
		What Is Honor?
		Consequences of Losing Honor
		Honor Killing
		The Murder of Shafilea Ahmed
		R v Iftikhar Ahmed and Farzana Ahmed 2012
		Cultural Predicaments
		The Wider Implications of Shafilea Ahmed’s Case
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	Chapter 10 Hate and Homicide: Exploring the Extremes of Prejudice‐Motivated Violence
		Understanding “Hate” Crime
		Measuring Hate Homicide
		Explaining Hate-Motivated Homicide
		New Directions
		Concluding Comments
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 11 Infanticide
		Introduction
		Different Perspectives
		Unfolding Perspectives
		Case Characteristics Related to Infanticides/Neonaticides
		The Legal Context
		Forensic Cases
		Diversity among Countries
		Responsibility Questions
		Syndrome Issues
		Prevention Possibilities
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 12 Parricide Encapsulated
		Parricide in Perspective
		Age: Critical Legal and Developmental Issues
		Typology of Parricide Offenders
		The Need for a Thorough Forensic Assessment
		Directions for Future Research
		References
	Chapter 13 Corporate Homicide, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Human Rights
		Corporate Homicide
		The History of the Criminalization of Corporate Homicide
		Corporate Social Responsibility
		The Global Nature of Corporate Risk‐taking and Technology
		When Does a Risk Become Unlawful?
		The Legal Implications of the Global Nature of Risk
		The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
		Who Should Be Open to Be Prosecuted?
		The Sanctions on Convicted Corporate Defendants
		What Can a Jury Consider when Deciding whether an Organization has Committed Manslaughter?
		Critical Evaluation of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 14 Empirical Challenges to Studying Terrorism and Homicide
		Introduction
		Definitions
		Measurement
		Theory
		How to Differentiate
		Cross-National Data
		Data Analysis
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 15 Multiple Homicide: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder
		Introduction
		Defining Multiple Murder
		Trends in Multiple Murder
		A Unified Typology of Multiple Murder
		Explaining Multiple Murder
		Conclusion
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 16 Genocide and State‐Sponsored Killing
		Deconstructing Genocide
		Prevalence and Distribution of Genocide
		Victims, Genocidaires, and Contexts
		Explanatory Frameworks
		Prevention and Reduction
		Final Remarks
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
		Cases
Part III Homicide around the Globe: International Perspectives
	Chapter 17 Homicide in Europe
		Introduction
		Section I: An Overview of Research on Homicide in Europe
		Section II: Patterns of Homicide in Europe
		Section III: Directions for Future Research
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 18 Comparing Characteristics of Homicides in Finland, the Netherlands, and Sweden
		Introduction
		Background and Aim of this Study
		Data and Method
		Results
		Conclusion and Discussion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 19 Homicide in Britain
		Introduction
		Historical and Contemporary Trends in Homicide
		Characteristics of British Homicide
		Understanding Homicide in Britain
		Responding to Homicide
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 20 Homicide in Canada
		Introduction
		Understanding the Canadian Context
		Legal Framework
		Homicide Data Sources
		Historical and Contemporary Trends in Homicide
		Regional Distribution of Homicide Rates
		Urban and Rural Variations in Homicide Rates
		Sociodemographic Characteristics of Homicide Victims and Perpetrators
		Variations in Situational Characteristics of Homicide
		Understanding Homicide in Canada
		Criminal Justice Responses to Homicide
		Conclusion and Priorities for Future Research
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 21 Typifying American Exceptionalism: Homicide in the USA
		Introduction
		Describing American Homicide
		Explaining American Homicide
		Responding to American Homicide
		Concluding Thoughts
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 22 Homicide in Japan
		Introduction
		Profile of Homicide in Japan
		Explanations for Changes in Homicide Trends in Japan
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 23 Homicide in Australia and New Zealand: Precursors and Prevention
		Introduction
		The Australian and New Zealand Offence Classification
		Examining Homicide through Official Statistics
		Homicide Rates, Trends, and Regional Distribution
		Offender, Victim, and Event Characteristics
		Challenges in Understanding Homicide in Australia and New Zealand
		Interviewing Homicide Offenders: The Australian Homicide Project
		Characteristics of Homicide: The Perpetrator View
		Discussion
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 24 Drivers of Homicide in Latin America and the Caribbean: Does Relative Political Capacity Matter?
		Introduction
		Levels of Homicide in Latin America and the Caribbean
		Literature Review on the Drivers of Homicides
		Relative Political Capacity
		Data and Methods
		Concluding Remarks
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 25 Homicide in Russia: Issues of Measuring and Theoretical Explanations
		Introduction
		Measuring the Homicide Rate
		Potential Incentives for Misrepresenting Homicide Statistics
		Potential Explanations for Homicide in Russia
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 26 Understanding Homicide in China
		Politicization of Crime and Homicide in China
		The Extent of Homicide in China
		Homicide and Capital Punishment: Why is China a Retentionist Nation?
		Conclusion
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 27 Homicide in India: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
		Introduction
		Homicide in Ancient India
		Homicide in Medieval India
		Homicide in British Colonial India
		Homicide in Post-independence and Contemporary India
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 28 Homicide in South Africa: Offender Perspectives on Dispute‐related Killings of Men
		Introduction
		Patterns of Homicide in South Africa
		A Case Study: Offender Perspectives on Dispute‐related Killings of Men
		Conclusions: Street Masculinities as a Framework for Understanding Male Homicides
		Note
		References
		Further Reading
Part IV Investigating Homicide
	Chapter 29 Technology and Homicide Investigation
		Technology
		Forensic Physical Evidence Comparative Databases
		Cell Towers and Location Data
		Social Networking Sites and Criminal Investigations
		Automated License Plate Reader Systems
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 30 Solving Homicides: Trends, Causes, and Ways to Improve
		Defining Homicide Clearances: The United States and Other Countries
		Trends and Patterns of Homicide Clearances
		The Determinants of Homicide Clearances
		Promising Practices for Homicide Investigations
		Future Research
		Notes
	Chapter 31 Using DNA in the Investigation of Homicide: Scientific, Operational, and Evidential Considerations
		Introduction
		The Techno-scientific Trajectory of Forensic Genetics
		Investigations, Evidence, and the Complexity of Forensic Genetics
		Social Research on DNA Process and Outcomes
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 32 Cold Case Homicide Reviews
		Introduction
		Why Conduct Cold Case Homicide Reviews?
		What Is a “Cold Case”?
		Operation Stealth
		Process
		Opportunities and Challenges
		The Media
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 33 A Damning Cascade of Investigative Errors: Flaws in Homicide Investigation in the USA
		A Cascade of Investigative Errors
		The Basic Difficulty of Criminal Investigation
		Targeting the Wrong Suspect
		Pursuing the Investigation: The Role of Bias
		The Problem of Cross‐Contamination
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
Part V Reducing and Preventing Homicide
	Chapter 34 Seeing and Treating Violence as a Health Issue
		Evolution of Violence as a Public Health Issue
		Why Violence Should Be Seen as a Health Issue
		Violence as a Contagious Process
		The Importance of the Health Perspective
		The Health Approach to Reducing Violence
		The Epidemic Control Approach to Reducing Violence
		Activating a Full Health Approach
		Working with Other Sectors in Applying Health Approaches
		How Health Fits in a Bigger Picture
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 35 Identifying and Intervening in Homicide Networks
		SNA as a Tool for Understanding the Context of Society
		SNA’s Contribution to Understanding Violent Crime
		Future Research: SNA and Homicide
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 36 Focused Deterrence and the Reduction of Gang Homicide
		Introduction
		Focused Deterrence Strategies
		Experiences and Evaluation Evidence in Other US Jurisdictions
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 37 From Theory to Practice: Reducing Gun Violence and Homicide in Detroit
		Introduction
		The Potential Promise of Focused Deterrence Strategies
		Detroit’s Toll
		The New Criminal Justice
		Detroit Gun Violence Reduction Initiative
		Data and Methods
		Results
		Discussion
		Directions for Future Research
		Note
		References
		Further Reading
	Chapter 38 Preventing Homicide
		Introduction
		The Knowledge-base on Preventing Homicide
		Focused Deterrence Strategies
		Place-based Policing Strategies
		Street Outreach Strategies
		Gun-related Strategies
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Index
EULA